The enteric nervous system (ENS) is highly organized and plays a critical role in controlling physiologic functions like gut motility, absorption, immune response, glucose metabolism, hormone secretion etc. The link between the gut microbiota and the ENS is yet to be understood. Recent research has demonstrated the existence of neural stem cells/ neural precursor cells in the adult gut. However, their activation remains unknown. The role of the microbiota in inducing/regulation/activation of neurogenesis in the enteric nervous system of adults need to be studied.